考试注意：答案须写在答题纸与答题卡上，写在试题上无效。
PART ⅠVocabulary and Structure(10%)
Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part.For
each sentence there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D.Choose
the ONE answer that best completes the sentence.Then blacken
the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil.
1.The annual------of the department store starts tomorrow.
Astocking. Bstocktaking
Cstockpiling. Dstockholding.
2.Remember to ask for a ------of quality for these goods;otherwise
they will not offer any maintenance.
Awarranty. Bpromise
Ccertificate. Drecejpt.
3.In many countries tobacco and medicine are government------.
Acontrol. Bmonopoly
Cbusiness. Dbelongings.
4.Bank notes are not usually------into gold nowadays.
Ainverted. Brevertible
Cconvertible. Ddiverting.
5.I------you that the goods will be delivered next week.
Ainsist. Bconfirm
Cassure. Densure.
6.The manager just------his resignation to the board meeting
yesterday and today another one took his place.
Asent up. Bsent off
Csent out. Dsent in.
7.Lets not------over such a trifle!
Afall through. Bfall out
Cfall off. Dfall back.
8.The cultures of China and Japan have shared many features,but
each has used them according to its national------.
Apersonality. Btemperament
Cinterest. Ddestiny.
9.Our journey was slow because the train stopped------at
different villages.
Agradually. Bcontinuously
Cconstantly. Dcontinually.
10.When he realized the police had spotted him,the man------the
exit as quickly as possible.
Amade for. Bmade out
Cmade up to. Dmade way.
11.The goods------when we arrived at the airport.
Awere just unloaded. Bwere just being unloaded
Cwere just been unloaded. Dhad just unloaded.
12.The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds------his
argument in favor of the new theory.
Awhich to base on. Bon which to base
Cto base on which. Dwhich to be based on.
13.I think your words carry more weight than------.
Aanybody elses. Bthat of anybodys
Canybody else. Delse anybodys.
14.The second book was------by August 1996,but two years
later,the end was still nowhere in sight.
Ato complete. Bcompleted
Cto have been completed. Dto have completed.
15.I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had
it been at all possible,but I------fully occupied the whole
of last week.
Awere. Bwas
Chad been. Dhave been.
16.No difficulty and no hardship------discouraged him.
Ahas. Bhave
Chas been. Dhave been.
17.I always keep candles in the house------there is a
power cut.
Aif. Bin case
Con condition that. Dwhen.
18.Some modern childrens fiction deals with serious problems
and situations with a realism seldom------in earlier books.
Aattempted. Battempting
Cbeing attempted. Dhaving attempted.
19.Written in a hurry,------.
Ahe made many mistakes in the paper.
Bthere were a lot of mistakes in the paper.
Cwe found plenty of errors in her paper
Dthe paper was full of errors.
20.Some student prefer a strict teacher who tells them
exactly what to do.Others prefer------to work on their own.
Aleaving. Bto leave
Chaving been left. Dto be left.
PART Cloze (10%)
Directions:For each mumbered blank in the following passage,there
are four choices marked A,B,C,and D Choose the best one
and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet..
It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without
memory.The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions,the
bases 21the decisions we make,and the roots of our habits
and skills are to be 22in our past experiences,which are
brought into the present23memory.
Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep 24 available
for later use.It includes not only"remembering"thing
like arithmetic or historical facts,but also any change
in the way an animal typically behaves.Memory is25when
a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed something
suspicious in the grain pile.Memory is also involved when
a sixyearold child learns to swing a baseball bat.
Memory26not only in humans and animals but also in
some physical objects and machines.Computers,for example,contain
devices for storing data for later use.It is interesting
to compare the memorystorage capacity of a computer27that
of a human being.The instantaccess memory of a large computer
may hold up to 100,000"words"ready for28use.A
naverage American teenager probably recognizes the meanings
of about 100,000 words of English.However,this is but a
fraction of the total29 of information which the teenager
has stored.Consider,for example,the number of facts and
places that the teenager can recognize on sight.The use
of words is the basis of the advanced problemsolving intelligence
of human beings.A large part of a persons memory is in
terms of words and30of words.
21Aof. Bto. Cfor. Don
22Akept. Bfound. Csought. Dstored
23Aby. Bfrom. Cwith. Din
24.Aexperiences. BbasesCobservations. Dinformation.
25Acalled. Btaken. Cinvolved. Dincluded
26Aexists. Bappears. Caffects. Dseems
27Ato. Bwith. Cagainst. Dfor
28.Aprogressive. Binstructive Cinstant. Dprotective.
29Adeal. Bnumber. Cmount. Damount
30.Acombinations. Bcorrections Ccoordinations. Dcollections.
PART ⅢReading Comprehension (50%)
Section A
Directions:.There are 5 passages in this part.Each passage
is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For
each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C,and D.You
should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding
letter on the Answer Sheet with a pencil..
Questions 31 to 34 are based on the following passage:
The stability of the U.S. banking system is maintained
by means of supervision and regulation,inspections,deposit
insurance,and loans to troubled banks.For over 50 years,these
precautions have prevented banking panics.However,there
have been some close calls.The collapse of Continental lllinois
Bank & Trusted Company of Chicago in 1984 did not bring
down the banking system,but it certainly rattled some windows.
In the late 1970s,Continental soared to a leadership
position among Midwestern banks.Parts of its growth strategy
were risky,however.It made many loans in the energy field,including
$1 billion that it took over from Penn Square Band of Oklahoma
City.To obtain the funds it needed to make these loans,Continental
relied heavily on shortterm borrowing from other banks
and large,30day certificates of deposit-"hot money",in
banking jargon.At least one Continental officer saw danger
signs and wrote a warning memo to her superiors,but the
memo went unheeded .Although the Comptroller of the Currency
inspected Continental on a regular basis,it failed to see
low serious its problems were going to be.
Penn Square Bank was closed by regulators in July 1982.When
energy prices began to slip,most of the $1 billion in loans
that Continental had taken over from the smaller banks turned
out to be had.Other loans to troubled companies such Chrysler,lnternational
Harvester,and Braniff looked questionable.Seeing these problem，"hot
money"owners began to pull their funds out of Continental.
By the spring of 1984,a run on Continental had begun.In
May,the bank had to borrow $3.5 billion from the Fed to
replace overnight funds it bad lost.But this was not enough.To
try to stem the outflow of deposits from Continemtal,the
FDIC agreed to guarantee not just the first $100,000 of
each depositors money but all of it.Nevertheless,the run
continued.
Federal regulators tried hard to find a sound bank that
could take over Continental-a common way of rescuing failing
banks.But Continental was just too big for anyone to buy.By
July,all hope of a private sector rescue was dashed.Regulators
faced a stark choice:Let Continental collapse,or take it
over themselves.
Letting the bank fail seemed too risky.It was estimated
that more than 100 other banks had placed enough funds in
Continental to put them at risk if Continental failed.Thus,on
a rainy Thursday at the end of July,the FDIC in effect nationalized
Continental Illinois at a cost of $4.5 billion.This kept
the banks doors open and prevented a chain reaction.However,in
all but a technical sense,Continental had become the biggest
bank failure in U.S.history.
31.In the spring of 1984,Continental experienced------.
Aa fast growth period. Ba stability period
Ca run. Dan oil price decrease.
32.By July,all hope of a private sector rescue was------.
Adestroyed. Babsurd
Cdesperate. Ddamaged.
33.The nationalizatin of Continental------.
Asaved it
Bmade"hot money"owners continue to pull their
funds out of Continental.
Calmost brought down the banking system
Dfired many highranking officers.
34.Banking panics may be prevented by means of------.
Adeposit insurance.Bgrowth strategy
Clongterm borrowing.Dwarning memo.
Questions 35 to 38 are based on the following passage:
If sustainable competitive advantage depends on workforce
skills,American firms have a problem.Humanresource management
is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive
survival of the firm in the United States.Skill acquisition
is considered as an individual responsibility.Labor is simply
another factor of production to be hired-rented at the lowest
possible cost-much as one buys raw materials or equipment.
The lack of importance attached to humanresource management
can be seen in the corporation hierarchy.In an American
firm the chief financial officer is almost always second
in command.The post of head of humanresource managements
is usually a specialized job,off at the edge of the corporate
hierarchy.The executive who holds it is never consulted
on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up
to Chief Executive Officer(CEO).By way of contrast,in Japan
the head of humanresource management is central-usually
the second most important executive,after the CEO,in the
firms hierarchy.
While American firms often talk about the vast amounts
spent on training their work forces,in fact they invest
less in the skill of their employees than do the Japanese
or German firms.The money they do invest is also more highly
concentrated on professional and managerial employees.And
the limited investments that are made in training workers
are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills
necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background
skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.
As a result,problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies
arrive.If American workers,for example,take much longer
to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations
than workers in Germany(as they do),the effective cost of
those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United
Stated.More time is required before equipment is up and
running at capacity,and the need for extensive retraining
generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed
with which new equipment can be employed.The result is a
slower pace of technological change.And in the end the skills
of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of
the top half.If the bottom half cant effectively staff
the processes that have to be operated,the management and
professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.
35.Which of the following applies to the management of
human resources in American companies?
A.They hire people at the lowest cost regardless of their
skills.
B.They see the gaining of skills as their employees own
business.
C.They attach more importance to workers than to equipment..
D.They only hire skilled workers because of keen competition.
36.What is the position of the head of human resource
management in an American firm?
A.He is one of the most important executives in the firm..
B.His post is likely to disappear when new technologies
are introduced.
C.He is directly under the chief financial executive.
D.He has no authority in making important decisions in
the firm..
37.The money most American firms spend in training mainly
goes to----.
Aworkers who can operate new equipment
Btechnological and managerial staff
Cworkers who lack basic background skills
Dtop executives.
38.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.American firms are different from Japanese and German
firms in human resource management.
B.Extensive retraining is indispensable to effective humanresource
man agement.
C.The head of humanresource management must be in the
central position in a firms hierarchy..
D.The humanresource management strategies of American
firms affect their competitive capacity...
Questions 39 to 42 are based on the following passage:
Internet is a vast network of computers that connects
many of the worlds businesses,institutions,and individuals.The
internet,which means interconnected network of networks,links
tens of thousands of smaller computer networks.These networks
transmit huge amounts of information in the form of words,images,and
sounds.
The Internet was information on virtually every topic.Network
users can search through sources ranging from vast databases
to small electronic"bulletin boards ,"where users
form discussion groups around common interests.Much of the
Internets traffic consists of messages sent from one computer
user to another.These messages are called electronic mail
or email.Internet users have electronic addresses that
allow them to send and receive email.Other uses of the
network include obtaining news,joining electronic debates,and
playing electronic games.One feature of the Internet,known
as the World Wide Web,provides graphics,audio,and video
to enhance the information in its documents.These documents
cover a vast number of topics.
People usually access the Internet with a device called
a modem.Modems connect computers to the network through
telephone lines.Much of the Internet operates through worldwide
telephone networks of fiberoptic cables.These cables contain
hairthin strands of glass that carry data as pulses of
light.They can transmit thousands of times more data than
local phone lines,most of which consist of copper wires.
The history of the Internet began in the 1960s.At that
time,the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA)of the
United States Department of Defense developed a network
of computers called ARPAnet.Originally,ARPAnet connected
only military a nd government computer systems.Its purpose
was to make these systems secure in the event of a disaster
or was.Soon after the creation of ARPAnet,universities and
other institutions developed their own computer networks.These
networks eventually were merged with ARPAnet to form the
Internet.By the 1990s,anyone with a computer,modem,and
Internet software could link up to the Internet.
In the future,the Internet will probably grow more sophisticated
as computer technology becomes more powerful.Many experts
believe the Internet may become part of a larger network
called the information superhighway.This network,still under
development,would link computers with telephone companies,cable
television stations,and other communication systems.People
could bank,shop,watch TV,and perform many other activities
through the network.
39.This passage is about the------of the Internet.
Afuture.Bgeneral introduction
Cuse.Dhistory.
40.Which of the following statements about the Internet
is true?
A.ARPA was the first net used by American universities
and institutions.
B.The history of the Internet can be traced back to fifty
years ago.
C.The purpose of the Internet is to protect the world
in the event of war.
D.ARPAnet formed the foundation of the Internet nowadays...
41.The Internet enables people to do all the following
things EXCEPT----.
Asending email.Bobtaining news
Cexchanging modem.Dinternet related chat(IRC).
42.According to the last paragraph,in the future------.
A.in may be hard to predict the development of the Internet.
B.the Internet will become an indispensable superhighway.
C.the Internet will be applied more.
D.the Internet will combine cable stations.
Questions 43 to 46 are based on the following passage:
Sex prejudices are based on and justified by the ideology
that biology is destiny.According to this ideology,basic
biological and psychological differences exist between the
sexes.These differences require each sex to play a separate
role in social life.Women are the weaker sexboth physically
and emotionally.Thus,they are naturally suited,much more
so than men,to the performance of domestic duties .A womans
place,under normal circumstances,is within the protective
environment of the home.Nature has determined that women
play caretaker roles,such as wife and mother and homemaker.On
the other hand,men are best suited to go out into the competitive
world of work and politics,where serious responsibilities
must be taken on.Men are to be the providers;women and children
are"dependents."
The ideology also holds that women who wish to work outside
the household should naturally fill these jobs that are
in line with the special capabilities of their sex.It is
thus appropriate for women,not men,to be employed as nurses,social
workers,elementary school teachers,household helpers,and
clerks and secretaries.
These positions are simply an extension of womens domestic
role.Informal distinctions between"womens work"and"mens
work"in the labor force,according to the ideology,are
simply a functional reflection of the basic differences
between the sexes. Finally,the ideology suggests that
nature has worked her will in another significant way.For
the human species to survive over time,its members must
regularly reproduce.Thus,women must,whether at home or in
the labor force,make the most of their physical appearance.
So goes the ideology.It is,of course,not true that basic
biological and psychological differences between the sexes
require each to play sexdefined roles in social life.There
is ample evidence that sex roles vary from society to society,and
those role differences that to exist are largely learned.
But to the degree people actually believe that biology
is destiny and that nature intended for men and women to
make different contributions to society,sexdefined roles
will be seen as totally acceptable.
43.Womens place,some people think,is within the protective
environment of the home because------.
A.women can provide better care for the children.
B.women are too weak to do any agricultural work at all.
C.women are biologically suited to domestic jobs.
D.women can not compete with men in any field.
44.According to the author,sex roles------.
Aare socially determined
B.are emotionally and physically determined.
C.can only be determined by what education people take.
D.are biologically and psychologically determined.
45.The author points out that the assignments of womens
roles in work------.
A.are determined by what they are better suited to.
B.grow out of their position inside the home.
C.reflect a basic difference between men and women.
D.are suitable to them,but not to men.
46.Which of the following is NOT true according to the
passage?
A.The division of sexdefined roles is completely unacceptable..
B.Womens roles in work are too limited at present..
C.In one society,men might perform what is considered
womens duties by another.
D.Some of the womens roles in domestic duties can not
be taken over by men.
Questions 47 to 50 are based on the following passage:
In a sense,the new protectionism is not protectionism
at all,at least not in the traditional sense of the term.The
old protectionism referred only to traderestricting and
tradeexpanding devices,such as the tariff or export subsidy.The
new protectionism is much broader than this;it includes
interventions into foreign trade but is not limited to them.The
new protectionism,in fact,refers to how the whole of government
intervention into the private economy affects international
trade.The emphasis on trade is still there,thus came the
term"protection."But what is new is the realization
that virtually all government activities can affect international
economic relations.
The emergence of the new protectionism in the Western
world reflects the victory of the interventionist,or welfare
economy over the market economy.Jab Tumiler writes,"The
old protectionism…coexisted,without any apparent intellectual
difficulty with the acceptance of the market as a national
as well as an international economic distribution mechanism-indeed,protectionists
as well as (if not more than)free traders stood for laissezfaire(放任政策).Now,as
in the 1930s,protectionism is an expression of a profound
skepticism as to the ability of the market to distribute
resources and incomes to societies satisfaction."
It is precisely this profound skepticism of the market
economy that is responsible for the protectionism.In a market
economy,economic change of various colors implies redistribution
of resources and incomes.The same opinion in many communities
apparently is that such redistributions often are not proper.There
fore,the government intervenes(干涉；干预)to bring about a more
desired result.
The victory of the welfare state is almost complete in
northern Europe.In Sweden ,Norway,Finland,Denmark,and the
Netherlands,government intervention in almost all aspects
of economic and social life is considered normal.In Great
Britain this is only somewhat less true.Government traditionally
has played a very active role in economic life in France
and continued to do so.Only West Germany dares to go against
the tide towards excessive interventionism in Western Europe.It
also happens to be the most successful Western European
economy.
The welfare state has made significant progress in the
United States as well as in Western Europe.Social security,unemployment
insurance,minimumwage laws,and rent control are by now
traditional welfare state elements on the American scene.
47.This passage is primarily concerned with discussing------.
A.the definition of the new protectionism.
B.the difference between new and old protectionism.
C.the emergence of the new protectionism in the Western
world.
D.the significance of the welfare state.
48.Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic
of a welfare state mentioned in this passage?
AFree education is available to a child.
BLaws are made to fix the minimum wage.
CA jobless person can be insured.
DThere are regulations for rent.
49.Which of the following inferences is true,according
to this passage?
A.The economy developed faster in welfare states than
in nonwelfare states.
B.In the 1930s,protectionism began to rise.
C.The new protectionism is so called mainly because it
is the latest.
D.Government plays a more active role in economic life
in Northern Europe than in Great Britain...
50.The passage supplies information for answering which
of the following questions?
AWhen did the new protectionism arise?
B.Why is the new protectionism so popular in northern
European countries?.
C.Does the American government play a more active role
in economic life than the British government?.
D.Why does the government intervene in economic life?.
Section B
Directions:.Read the following passage carefully and then
give short answers to the five questions.Write your answers
on the Answer Sheet..
In a television interview,Mr.Daniel Brummage,President
of the International Olympics Committee,is defending his
Committees decision to hold the Games again in four years
time.
Ever since the modern Olympic Games began in 1896,theyve
had their critics.Every form of competitive activity attracts
trouble.But part of the aim of the Games ,when they were
first held in ancient Greece,was to discourage war between
states by engaging them in a friendlier kind of combat.My
Committee and I intend to see that they go on doing this.
The spirit of competition in the Games uses up a lot
of energy that could be more harmfully employed.In my opinion,it
does a lot of good,getting people to forget their differences
in a communal activity.Any competitor or spectator at the
Games or in the Olympic Village will tell you that the atmosphere
of friendship there is unforgettable:as if the world were
one big family.And the hostilities that the press always
likes to exaggerate,only exist in a few quarters.What we
suffer from is bad publicity,not had sportsmanship.
These Games are the biggest international gathering of
any kind in the world.Not only do they bring sportsmen together,but
they unite a world public.Isn't this a sufficient reason
for continuing then?Of course,a few people are going to
use them as an occasion for propaganda(宣传)，but this is no
reason why the Games should be canceled.Why should every
harmless activity be spoiled for the majority by the minority?
No!As long as the majority wants it,these Games will
continue.This is sport,sir,not politics,and I intend that
it should remain so.
51.Is that right that all the people in the world agree
to hold the Olympic Games?.
52When did the modern Olympic Games begin?
53.What is the purpose of the Olympic Committee to hold
the Games?
54.What does Mr.Daniel Brummage criticize in his speech
and Why?.
55Will the Games continue?Why?
PART ⅣTranslation (15%)
Directions:.In this part there is a passage in English.Translate
the five sentences underlined into Chinese and write your
translation on the Answer Sheet . .
(56)The types of daydreams,whether they are pleasant
and hopeful or filled with despair take shape in childhood
when everyone develops one of three basic daydreaming styles:positive
negative and scattered American Health reports.Although
everyone lapses occasionally into each of these types,positive
daydreamers are more likely to imagine happy,playful or
entertaining of these types, positive daydreamers are more
likely to imagine happy,playful or entertaining scenarios.(57)Negative
daydreamers tend to dwell on lifes darker side.imagining
dangerous and/or life threatening situations,such as the
appearance of afatal or weakening disease or becoming a
victim of violence.Scattered day dreamers are easily bored
and distracted."Their mental images tend to be fleeting,repetitive
and shallow,like variations on the same fairy tales,"explains
Yale psychologist Roni Tower.
(58)While all three types are common,positive imaginations
are likeliest to serve as springboards(跳板)for problem solving,while
negative and scattered daydreams may leave a person feeling
anxious.Negative daydreamers are waiting for the other shoe"to
fall."Their imaginations are often guiltridden or
obsessive.
There are times when drifting away can cause problems,according
to Blodin."If daydreaming gets in the way of daily
function because the person is doing it all day,the person
wont be very productive,"she says."The amount
of time and the frequency that a person daydreams is whats
important.It should not take up all of your time.(59)If
people find their daydreaming is becoming excessive( 过多的)，they
should take a realistic look at whats going on in their
life and ask themselves what they are trying to avoid.Then
they can assess what steps they need to take to correct
the situation."(Anyone who has a hard time discriminating
between reality and imagination or starts replacing reallife
family and friends with imagined people should seek professional
help.)
(60)Professor Singer sums up the advantages of daydreams
to the average person:"by sitting quietly and letting
your daydreams emerge instead of squelching(抑制)them,you
may find there are parts of yourself you havent been listening
to.Instead of fearing them,youll gain access to tremendous
range of interesting,creative ideas."
PART ⅤWriting (15%)
Directions:.Write a composition according to the information
given in the following outline in Chinese.Your composition
should be about 120 words.Remember to write clearly.You
should write this composition on the Answer Sheet..
网络经济的新启示(new revelations)
1网络经济被誉为新经济的代表。
2网络经济与传统经济的区别。
3在新经济来临之际，我们需要做哪些准备。
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